We've identified the root cause to be a transient issue with GitHub's control plane that lasted for ~15 minutes. GitHub’s Actions broker service began rejecting session creation requests from our runners. While our runners were provisioned successfully, they were being rejected by the GitHub Actions broker service, causing the runner to exit without picking up a job.
This led to job adoption observed delays. The issue resolved on its own as GitHub’s broker service recovered. We also manually requeued jobs that were affected.
We're seeing recovery in job adoption and queue times are no longer elevated. We will continue to monitor.